Military activity and crimes against humanityĬzechoslovakia (in postwar 1945–1992 borders) Kģ4,000 (in both Soviet & German armed forces) Human losses by country Total deaths by country Death toll of World War II & military wounded by country The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. The casualties listed here include 19 to 25 million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. The distinction between military and civilian casualties caused directly by warfare and collateral damage is not always clear-cut. The losses listed here are actual deaths hypothetical losses due to a decline in births are not included with the total dead. The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union. Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war-related famine and disease. Military figures include battle deaths (KIA) and personnel missing in action (MIA), as well as fatalities due to accidents, disease and deaths of prisoners of war in captivity. Since casualty statistics are sometimes disputed the footnotes to this article present the different estimates by official governmental sources as well as historians. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable." The table below gives data on the number of dead and military wounded for each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed and wounded during World War II. Polish military officers executed by the Soviet NKVD in the Katyn massacre, exhumation photo taken by the Polish Red Cross delegation in 1943.Ĭompiling or estimating the numbers of deaths and wounded caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. The People's Republic of China puts its war dead at 20 million, while the Japanese government puts its casualties due to the war at 3.1 million. The Red Army claimed responsibility for the majority of Wehrmacht casualties during World War II. Historian Rüdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office (Germany) published a study in 2000 that estimated the German military dead and missing at 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria, and in east-central Europe. In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. According to Russian government figures, USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6 million, including 8 to 9 million due to famine and disease. Research in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union has caused a revision of estimates of Soviet World War II fatalities. Recent historical scholarship has shed new light on the topic of Second World War casualties. Statistics on the number of military wounded are included whenever available. The tables below give a detailed country-by-country count of human losses. More than half of the total number of casualties are accounted for by the dead of the Republic of China and of the Soviet Union. Military deaths from all causes totaled 21–25 million, including deaths in captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war.
Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 50–56 million, with an additional estimated 19–28 million deaths from war-related disease and famine. An estimated total of 70–85 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) people on Earth in 1940. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history.
Over 6,000 American and Japanese troops died in the fighting.
The Marines secured the island after 76 hours of intense fighting.
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